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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Quantum cloning ： ウィキペディア英語版 Quantum cloning Quantum cloning is a process that takes an arbitrary, unknown quantum state and makes an exact copy without altering the original state in any way. In Dirac notation, the process of quantum cloning is described by: :$U\; |\backslash psi\backslash rangle\_A\; |e\backslash rangle\_B\; =\; |\backslash psi\backslash rangle\_A\; |\backslash psi\backslash rangle\_B$, where $U$ is the actual cloning operation, $|\backslash psi\backslash rangle\_A$ is the state to be cloned, and $|e\backslash rangle\_B$ is the initial state of the copy. Quantum cloning is forbidden by the laws of quantum mechanics as shown by the no cloning theorem, which states that there is no operation for cloning any arbitrary state $|\backslash psi\backslash rangle\_A$. Though perfect quantum cloning is not possible, it is possible to perform imperfect cloning, where the copies have a non-unit fidelity. A universal cloning machine can have a fidelity as high as 5/6.〔Bužek V. and Hillery, M. Quantum Copying: Beyond the No-Cloning Theorem. Phys. Rev. A 54, 1844 (1996)〕 The quantum cloning operation is the best way to make copies of quantum information therefore cloning is an important task in quantum information processing, especially in the context of quantum cryptography. Researchers are seeking ways to build quantum cloning machines, which work at the so-called quantum limit. The first cloning machine relied on stimulated emission to copy quantum information encoded into single photons. Teleportation, nuclear magnetic resonance, quantum amplification and superior phase conjugation have been some other methods utilized to realize a quantum cloning machine.〔Antía Lamas-Linares, Christoph Simon, John C. Howell, Dik Bouwmeester, ''(Experimental Quantum Cloning of Single Photons )'', Science 296 5568 (2002)〕 Ion trapping techniques have been applied to cloning quantum states of ions. It may be possible to clone a quantum state to arbitrary accuracy in the presence of closed timelike curves.〔Todd A. Brun, Mark M. Wilde, Andreas Winter, Quantum state cloning using Deutschian closed timelike curve. Physical Review Letters 111, 190401 (2013); arXiv:1306.1795 〕 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Quantum cloning」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.